Converting electromagnetism into rotational motion

LAST UPDATED ON 2021-01-16

In order to quickly estimate the conversion of electromagnetism into rotational motion of a sphere of mass, I will use a distance equivalency methodology. Using the hydrogen atom and a single electron, I will use Bohr's values in order to calculate the amount of rotation equivalent to the electron's attraction to the proton due to the electromagnetic force.

This will exemplify how the electromagnetic force can be converted to rotational mass.

The electron absorbs and emits photons. The properties of the electron change when this happens. In this thought experiment, the electron is hypothesized to be sphere. I can calculate the relationship of rotational mass between a single massive sphere and the universe. The photon's frequency is directly related to the electron's rotation. The frequency vector can be related to the cross product of the primary rotation and secondary rotation vectors. The cross product vector also represents the average rotation of all the points of mass inside the spherical volume of the electron.

The absorption of a photon increases the energy of the electron. The emission of a photon decreases the energy of the electron. I can convert the photon (electromagnetic force) to motion using an arbitrarily defined total rotation vector (cross product vector), the emitted photon's frequency (energy), the gravitational constant and the mass of the electron. The energy in the photon is the rotational motion required to make the electron jump from the n=2 orbital to the n=6 orbital of a hydrogen atom.

I will calculate the force of attraction of the electron and its distance from the positive charge at both the n=2 and n=6 orbitals. I will use this information to find the equivalent velocity required to increase the gravitational attraction of the electron to empty space (total mass of the universe). I will find the velocity by dividing the displacement in metres by the time in seconds. I want to convert this total displacement to rotational motion, relating the gravitational acceleration to the rotational motion of a sphere. I divide the total velocity by the frequency of the emitted photon in order to define the circumference of a distance that is repeated multiple times thoughout the event.

I start by calculating the force on the electron at two different orbitals: the orbitals n=2 and n=6.

n=2 orbital, 2.11670884268e-10 metres from the proton

3.4 electronvolts of energy, equivalent to 5.44740051072e-19 Joules

J divided by orbital radius gives me the force on the electron = 2.57352376524e-9 Newtons

n=6 orbital, 1.90563795841e-9 metres from the proton

0.377777777778 electronvolts of energy, equivalent to 6.05266723414e-20 Joules

J divided by orbital radius gives me the force on the electron = 3.17618947892e-11 Newtons

I now have to convert this force to gravitational acceleration. The velocity required to increase the gravitational attraction of the electron to empty space (total mass of the universe) is the rotational displacement of the electron's mass over time. Using the equation for the gravitational field, I will find the positions equivalent to the increase in force due to the electromagnetic force. In this circumstance, I will use the gravitational constant, the electron's mass and the quantities of force calculated above to solve for the distance. The difference between the two distances over time is the average velocity of the electron necessary to increase gravitational force by an amount equivalent to the electromagnetic force.

Gravitational constant = 6.67408e-11

Electron's mass = 9.10938356e-31 kg

n=2 orbital force = 2.57352376524e-9 Newtons

n=6 orbital force = 3.17618947892e-11 Newtons

By isolating the d-variable in the gravitational field equation I find the following distances from the positive charge:

n=2 orbital equivalent position = 1.53700792691e-16 m

n=6 orbital equivalent position = 1.38352495515e-15 m

The difference between the two positions is equal to 1.22982416246e-15 metres travelled over 2.17790719213e-16 seconds, resulting in a velocity of 5.64681620458 metres per second. The seconds are calculated using the reduced Planck constant divided by the electronvolts.

This means that the mass of the electron needs to rotate at an average of 5.64681620458 metres per second in order to generate the same force as the electromagnetic force.

Finally, I can relate this velocity to the cross product vector and the frequency of the light emitted in order for the electron to fall back down to the n=2 orbital from the n=6 orbital. The wavelength of this light is 410 nm and its frequency is 7.30676958566e14 Hertz (cycles per second). A cycle is equivalent to the rotational motion travelled by the mass of the electron. I can divide the average velocity vector by the frequency to obtain a circumference of 7.72819799281e-15 metres.

By dividing this number by 2π, I obtain a radius of 1.22998091175e-15 metres. This is consistent with the classical electron radius of 2.8179403227e-15 metres. Keep in mind these are approximate results. I assume a sine of one in the cross product, meaning I assume there is a 90 degree angle between the primary rotation vector and the secondary rotation vector.

This estimation demonstrates that a photon starts forming at the boundary of the electron's classical radius and free space when the acceleration of an electron's rotational motion is larger than the acceleration in free space. The excess rotation is strong enough to accelerate surrounding particles (gravity) and penetrate free space. Therefore, the sum of all excess rotational motion propagating through the permeability of free space can be defined as a photon (Standard Model).

The classical electron radius is consistent with results of experimentation.

Properly estimating the volume of a sphere of mass requires isolating all motion vectors from gravitational acceleration vectors. The sum of all motion contributes to the total mass of a particle. With this example, I can isolate the mass due to the electromagnetic force. I will need to do the same for the other forces in order to solve for the volume of a sphere of mass. In this example, I am converting the electromagnetic force into motion using the kilogram which can be broken down into rotational mass due to the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces as well as the linear mass due to gravity. In the end, the constant speed of light will prove that all massive particles are spheres with identical volumes. Their differing properties are the result of the total motion imparted onto them by the Big Bang.

Explanation for the constant speed of light

LAST UPDATED ON 2016-11-07

The explanation for the constant speed of light is that:

1. EMR is a product of the rotational motion (energy) of mass. The rotation shared with the other particles radiates through space separately from its source and perpendicular to its source at the moment of emission. Around the light source, at every point in space, the differential in rotational motion (quantum gravity pulses) moves through space as a function of (total rotational motion of all the units of mass) x (strength of gravity at that distance).
2. The volume of all the particles of mass is constant, the gravitational constant is the same and the effect of the differential in rotational motion is also the same for all units of mass. This is why electromagnetism is uniform everywhere.
3. EMR propagation is a function resulting in a constant speed of propagation in vacuum because of the uniformity of the volume of the units of mass and corresponding products of motion and the gravitational constant.

I use gears in an analogy explaining the constant speed of a wave of light.

• All of the gears are connected by their teeth, instead of spherical volumes connected by their mass and gravity.
• All of the gears have the same size just like all the massive particles have the same volume. Therefore, the rotational force is transferred with a 1-to-1 ratio from gear to gear.
• When the red gear increases its rotational force (red arrow) in relationship to the other gears, the plane wave of light (red circular lines), represented by the total sum of rotation of all the gears, travels at a constant speed because the rotation differential is transferred from gear to gear at a constant speed (black arrows).

Visualization of electromagnetic radiation (light)

LAST UPDATED ON 2019-04-20

The peaks and troughs of EMR are found when the plane of rotation of the light source is directly aligned with the object that is receiving the rotation. The EMR travels in space, independently from its source, in the rotation matrix (electromagnetism), until the momentum slows down completely and its wavelength is stretched to the point where its amplitude becomes zero.

EMR travelling through space, basic visualization of rotation matrix

LAST UPDATED ON 2019-04-20

These are basic drawings of what I explain in my theory. This should help visualize the electromagnetic force as the result of total rotation. It should also help visualize how an excess of rotation travels distance through space, stretching its wavelength due to gravity, until it ceases to exist.

These example show how a point of light (excess of rotation) travels in space. Rotation is always shared outwards from the source. The direction of rotation of the particles depends on the direction of rotation of the source. I am talking about the total sum in this case. This is what I mean when I talk about 'total rotation'. As the light travels in space, gravity constantly slows down the absorbtion of the rotation by acting as a resistance to motion. This has the effect of increasing the wavelength and decreasing the energy in the photon until it completely disappears. This effect is amplified when objects are moving away from each other. For example, the increase in distance between objects decreases the quantity of rotation absorbed by the particles in the environment due to a weaker gravitational force. This results in a noticeable effect commonly know as 'redshift'.

These examples show that every EMR wave is constructed from the combined rotation of all the mass. This means that at any point in space, electromagnetism equals a function of rotational energy (motion), gravity and distance. This rotational matrix results in the existence of the electromagnetic force. Here are two other examples showing that the same particles can participate in the existence of multiple photons at the same time. This is the result of different quantities of rotation as well as different angles adding up together to form multiple points at different places in space.

Quantum Rotational Mass Theory hypotheses

LAST UPDATED ON 2018-07-02

Hypothesis one

Space, the force of gravity, particles of mass and their motion (energy) are fundamentally different. They are the only constituents of reality. I will use the term 'matter' to define an object as the combination of 'units' of mass, their motion and all of its fields.

Space is infinite is size in all directions and is immobile. It has no properties other than inertia and space cannot expand and contract.

The force of gravity attracts massive objects together. It has an infinite range and its strength is inversely proportional to distance. It is always attractive. It is present at every point in time: nothing absorbs it, transforms it or shields against it.

The particles of mass are the opposite of space. They are finite in size in all directions and have the capacity to move and conserve momentum. The fundamental forces interact differently with points of mass than space. These points of interaction meld the fundamental forces together as opposed to space, where the effects of the forces 'stack' on top of each other. The particles of mass are part of the fundamental forces.

Motion of the particles of mass is the last constituent of reality. There are multiple ways to consider motion. The classical way, linear motion, is the movement of the center of mass of a particle. There is also rotational motion of the spherical units of mass. The total rotational motion of all the massive particles results in the existence of the three fundamental forces known as the strong force, the electroweak force and the electromagnetic force. Lastly, the rotational motion's massive interactions radiate through space by sharing rotational momentum to all the massive particles. This is known as electromagnetic radiation and moves at a constant speed in space due to the constant of gravity and the constant volume of all the particles of mass.

Hypothesis two

There is only one unit of mass (elementary particle), it is made up of points of mass, it has a volume and it has a permanent shape and existence.

Constance and symmetry of phenomena: every point in the volume stays at the same place and that volume is never warped. It represents a direct relationship between the fundamental forces and time. That relationship never changes.

Hypothesis three

The three fundamental forces are not permanent. They are products of gravity (mass) and motion. The main element considered is the change in distance caused by the rotational motion of all the elementary particles. This means that the strong, electroweak and electromagnetic forces are related by rotational motion; for example, one could say that the electromagnetic force is an extension of the strong force.

Detailed explanation coming...

Hypothesis four

The volume of the elementary particle, is constant and permanent. Combined with the quantum gravity concepts I will explain, it is the solution to unifying physics.

Explanation of 'calculation of the volume of the particle of mass', first posted on 2016-06-13.

Hypothesis five

Physics is permanent and cyclical because matter is created and destroyed and mass is permanent.

'Big Bang' model explanation:

1. The force of gravity has the effect of slowing down momentum until the particles of mass stick together. Total acceleration of mass decreases over time. Protons and neutrons eventually collapse on their own mass due to lack of repulsive force caused by lower rotational momentum. When all the particles of mass have lost their momentum, they clump into Black Holes. This leads to the period called the 'Big Crunch'.
2. During the 'Big Crunch', all the Black Holes collide together, resulting in explosions everywhere. These collisions get further apart and bigger over time. It always takes more time for the next collision to happen. Following each of these collisions, the particles of mass settle and collapse into larger Black Holes that include the mass of all the Black Holes implicated in the explosion. As time passes by, the Black Holes get larger and have more distance in between them. At some point, the distances and mass implicated in the collisions are large enough to create matter. This final stage of explosions is called the 'Big Bang'.
3. The 'Big Bang' is the last explosion of the 'Big Crunch'. During this final period of explosions, the linear momentum imparted onto the mass is so large that it will rotate the mass enough to accelerate it together into clumps and form matter like protons and neutrons. These little momentum batteries will maintain their motion until gravity stops them and the next collapse of the universe begins. The protons and neutrons slow down first and then the electrons slow down enough to stick to the protons and form electrically neutral atoms. This is when the creation of stars and galaxies begin.
4. Creation of stars and fusion. Following the creation of matter, there are clumps of atoms that forms stars where there is fusion. That is where the other atoms are fused together. After this period, we have to wait for momentum to stop due to gravity and observe another period of contraction of the universe.

Quantum Rotational Mass Theory Introduction

LAST UPDATED ON 2017-07-02

In this blog I will be discussing my Grand Unified Theory of Physics. 'GUTP': A single, all-encompassing, coherent framework that fully explains and links together all physical aspects of the universe.

This postulate for a Grand Unified Theory of Physics is developed, written and edited by François Moreau-Parent.

QUANTUM ROTATIONAL MASS THEORY

by François Moreau-Parent

Hypotheses and definitions

This is my postulate for final theory of physics. I will list my hypotheses below and will explain them in that order:

1. Space, the force of gravity, particles of mass and their motion (energy) are fundamentally different. They are the only constituents of reality. I will use the term 'matter' to define an object as the combination of 'units' of mass, their motion and all of its fields.
2. There is only one unit of mass (elementary particle), it is made up of points of mass, it has a volume and it has a permanent shape and existence.
3. The three fundamental forces are not permanent. They are products of gravity (mass) and motion. The main element considered is the change in distance caused by the rotational motion of all the elementary particles. This means that the strong, electroweak and electromagnetic forces are related by rotational motion; for example, one could say that the electromagnetic force is an extension of the strong force.
4. The volume of the elementary particle, is constant and permanent. Combined with the quantum gravity concepts I will explain, it is the solution to unifying physics.
5. Physics is permanent and cyclical because matter is created and destroyed and mass is permanent.